"Ookumkani abane" beCovidId - 19 I-19 ye-mutanti

Ubhubhane wehlabathi wehlabathi wesithuthuthu omtsha usenze ilahleko enkulu kunye neempembelelo kukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona uphuhliso lobhubhane lwehlabathi luye lwathintelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lulawulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuguquka kweCovids - 19, abanye amazwe bavele ubunzima obutshiwo osasaza ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwabo, i-Coronavirus entsha eyenzekileyo e-United Kingdom, eMzantsi Afrika, eBrazil, eIndiya, njl njl.

• I-alpha yavela eNgilani ngoSeptemba 2020 kwaye yabangela i-gorge ebusika amatyala asebusika, ephethe i-United Kingdom ebuya kwi-lockdown ngoJanuwari. Amanye amazwe asondele ngasemva, ngakumbi eYurophu. Ngokutsho kombutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, kwaza kwaoko kunzima kwi-United States ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, kwaye nge-25 kaMeyi, ubuncinci kumazwe ali-149 akuxele le ngxaki.
• UBeta uvele eMzantsi Afrika nge-2020, ekhokelela ekubuyeni kwe-Covidd - Amatyala ali-19, atyhutyha emazantsi e-Afrika. Nge-25 kaMeyi, ubuncinci amazwe ali-102 axele le meko.
• U-Gamma uqale wafunyanwa kwiSixeko saseAmazon saseManaus ngoDisemba 2020, ebangela i-curge kwiimeko, ukugcwala kwezempilo yeBrazil kwaye kubangele ukunqongophala kwe-oxygen. Ukusukela nge-25 kaMeyi, amazwe angama-59 axele le meko.
• UDelta waqala wafunyanwa eIndiya ngo-Okthobha 2020, kwaye emva kwexesha kade, intsholongwane ifunyenwe kumazwe angama-54 ubuncinci. Iqela leNgcebiso ngeNgxabano ye-Bhritane eliNgxamisekileyo yeSayensi yachazwa ngoMeyi 13 ukuba inqanaba lokudlulisa i-50% liphezulu kunelo le-alpha eyahlukileyo

Ngo-2019 - I-NCOV yeyohlobo le-beta ye-coronavirsus. Yinto eyodwa - eqinisiweyo - Intsholongwane ye-RNA enxibe imvulophu. Amasuntswana ajikelezwe okanye aqengqele kwaye abe nobubanzi be-60 - i-140nm. Inezihlobo ezi-5 ezibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya ngokulandelelana iiproteni ezi-4 zesakhiwoIproteocapsid yenyukliya (N),IPROGINOP IPREPIN (E),Membrane Iprotein (m) kwayeSipikeGlycoprotein (S), kwayeHI-Emogglutinin - I-Estera Sadimer (RDRP). IIproteocapsid yenyukliya . I-nucleocapsid ijikelezwe yimvulophu yasentsholongwane (e) yokhuseleko. Kwimvulophu yentsholongwane, kukhoMembrane Iprotein (m) kwayeSipikeGlycoprotein (S) neproteyini elinganayo. Phakathi kwazo, i-Coronavirus entsha isebenzisa iproteni ye-spike engaphezulu yokubopha kwi-receptors yeseli, kwaye emva koko ihlase iiseli. I-Spike Gycoprotein ikwasisiseko esibalulekileyo samajoni omzimba ukuze aqonde iintsholongwane kwaye azibambe ngee-antibodies. Ezi ndawo zine ze-coronavirsus ezitsha ze-coronavirus zichanekile ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinye iindawo eziphambili ze-pike glycofein (s) enobungqingqwa beempikiswano zeseli okanye ngokuchasene nee-antibodies. Oku kuphinda kukhokelele kwezi zine zonyango ziba ziimpawu eziphambili ngoku ukujikeleza.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-alfa kunye ne-beta mgody zezi zilandelayo:

Iqela likhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uChen Bing waseHarvard School kunye nesibhedlele sabantwana saBantwana abasandula ukupapasha uthotho lweziphumo zophando kwijenali yeMfuno "yeSayensi", ibonisa ukuba yafunyanwa kuqala kwi-alpha eyahlukileyo. I-Amino Acid itshintsha i-A570D kwaye i-S982A inceda i-spin protein i-trimer ukugcina i-akhawunti yayo ibophelela isizinda esibophelela kwindawo apho sibophelela khona. Kwangelo xesha, i-N501y yonyusa ubumbeko bokubophelela kwe-receptor yokubopha i-domain kwi-Domain kwi-ACE2 Receptor. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba ezi nguqu zinokuvumela izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-al ze-al ze-alpha ukuba zisulele iintlobo zeselfowuni ezineendawo ezimbalwa ze-ACE2.

Iziphumo zophando zeqela zikwabonisa ukuba kwintsholongwane ye-beta, iproteyini ye-PREARRORR ubukhulu becala i-G614 ubukhulu becala kwaye iphantse yazinza ngendlela efanayo. I-N501Y, K417n kwaye i-E484K ye-RBD ayizange ibangele utshintsho olukhulu lolwakhiwo, kodwa ilahleko yeebhulorho eziphakathi kwe-K417 kunye ne-Aces31 i-Aces31 i-Aces31 i-Aces3 I-K417n kunye ne-E484K zinokubangela i-antibodies ezijolise kwi-RBD - 2 i-epitope yokuphulukana nokubopha kunye nokungathathi cala. Uguquko oluhamba kunye ne-NTD kwakhona i-antign kwaye inciphise impumelelo yokungathathi cala i-antibodies nxamnye ne-NTD - I-EPITOP enye. I-Beta uqobo inokuthi ikhethwe phantsi kwenqanaba elithile loxinzelelo lomzimba

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-gamma iprotheyini ye-DAMMAT:

Kwisifundo esapapashwa kwiNzululwazi yejenali ngo-Epreli 14, 2021, iqela labaphandi labaqhubisile lophando olunxulumene nohlalutyo kwi-GARMAVIRS eNtsha. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba intsholongwane ye-gamma (P.1) I-Amino Acid eyahlukileyo ye-Amino Acid, i-10 yayo kwiProtein ye-SPIKE, kubandakanya ezona zinto zininzi ze-SPIKE, kubandakanya ezona zinto zininzi zinexhala: I-N501y, e-E417t. I-N501Y kunye ne-K417T inxibelelana ne-angiotensin yomntu - Ukuguqula i-enzyme 2 (Ace2), ngelixa i-E48K ikwindawo ye-ACE2 ye-ACE2. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi zinto zintathu zikhona kwi-Ofisi yoLwakhiwo laseMzantsi Afrika (Beta, B.1.35) efumene ingqalelo enkulu, kwaye i-N501y ikho kwi-Bhritane eyahlukileyo (Alfa, B.1.1.7). Kuba kubonakala ngathi le ntsholongwane iyahlukanisa ngokuqinileyo kwiiseli zabantu, kwezinye iimeko, ukunceda abantu abaphumeleleyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-Delta iproteyini:

Inqaku elapapashwa kwiqonga leBiorfoxiv nge-17 kaJuni, 2021 lazimisela ukuba utshintsho lwe-P681r lugcinwe kakhulu kwi-Delta (B.1.617) inamanqaku ngokufunda kweDelta (B.1.617) uqhawulo-mtshato. Ukudlulela kwi - Uphando olunzulu, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwe-P681r ephakanyisiweyo i-funse - I-Clein Conjulic protein iprotein kunye neseli ekhawulezayo. Kunye nokukhuthaza uguquko lwe-P681 ukuphucula amandla entsholongwane okuphepha i-antibodies.

Ngokweempawu ze-epitemiological kunye ne-estiologics yoo-"ookumkani abane"Covids - 19 Uxinzelelo lwe-mutant, lunokubonwa ukuba ubhubhane wengingqi luya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo yobhubhane wehlabathi. Ukuphendula ngenkuthalo kumgaqo-nkqubo woThintelo loThintelo lweHlabathi kwaye ufuna i-Raude - I-Spectrum kunye nogonyo olufanelekileyo lokugonya luya kuba sisixhobo sethu esichasene nobhubhane.

(Umthombo weDatha: Ngubani)